1831-1879 bethe-ansatztechnique chemistry electrodynamics entropy etc exercises industrialapplications jamesclerk mathematicalphysics maxwell maxwell'sdemon phasetransformations(statisticalphysics) philosophy physicalandtheoretical physics plasma(gazionisés) plasma(ionizedgases) problems quantumchemistry quantumstatistics quantumtheory secondlawofthermodynamics spectrumanalysis statisticalmechanics statisticalphysics statistiquequantique stochasticprocesses superconductivity thermodynamicequilibrium thermodynamics thermodynamiquestatistique théoriedu transport transporttheory