1809-1882 1902-1968 20thcentury adaptation(biology) americanfiction biologyinliterature charles englishfiction englishinfluences etc evolution(biology)inliterature evolutioninliterature history historyandcriticism humanbeingsinliterature humanecologyinliterature influence influencedarwin john knowledge literature literatureandscience literatureandsociety natureinliterature psychologyandliterature sciencesteinbeck theory unitedstates