1915-1995 astronauticsinmeteorology atmosphericphysics atmosphericradiation biography clouds congresses costeffectiveness evaluation finance geographicinformationsystems history ionosphere management measurement meteorologicalsatellites meteorologists meteorology methodology nationalpolar-orbitingoperationalenvironmentalsatellitesystem radiativetransfer radiobeacons radiometeorology remotesensing suomi unitedstates verner