-peace 1873-1960 1935- 1935-2003 1948-1949 1993 2000- 20thcentury 809 950 al-aqsaintifada arab-israeliconflict artistic biography c1900toc1999 civilization coloniesinliterature congresses critics culture eastandwest education educationalliterature edwardw etc foreignpublicopinion general globalization governmentpolicy history historyandcriticism imperialism imperialisminliterature impérialisme india influence influence(literary influencesaid intellectuallife intellectuals interviews islam islamiccivilization islamiccountries islamicsociology israel israel-arabwar literarystudies:c1900toc2000 literarystudies:fromc1900- literarytheory literature middleeast modern nationalcharacteristics nurculuk nursi opinionpubliqueoccidentale oriental orientalism orientetoccident palestinianamericans palestinianarab peace philosophy philosophynursî politicalscience politicsandculture politicsandliterature postcolonialism refugees saïd sexrole socialscience studyandteaching theory turkey unitedstates viewsonarab-israeliconflictsaid viewsonculturesaid viewsonimperialismsaid viewsonorientalismsaid western étudeetenseignement