china chinesestudents citizenship civilization economicaspects edu020000edu038000soc032000 education emigrationandimmigration engineering familyrelationships foreigncountries foreignrelations foreignstudents genderstudies governmentpolicy graduatestudentsinscience history internationalrelations japan japanesestudents multiculturaleducation relations science socialaspects socialconditions socialscience studentlife studentpassports students studyandteaching studyandteaching(higher) unitedstates visas westerninfluences women