1867-1912 1871-1948 aeronautics armedforces biomedicalresearch budget building business congresses constructionindustry defensecontracts economics education educationandstate evaluation federalaidtohighereducation federalaidtoresearch finance financing general geopolitics government governmentcompetition governmentcontractors governmentpolicy greatbritain highperformancecomputing history housing industrial industrialpromotion industrialresearch industries industry intellectualproperty lawandlegislation medicine militaryartandscience militaryresearch nationalsecurity oecdcountires oecdcountries orville patentsandgovernment-developedinventions procurement programevaluation public-privatesectorcooperation research researchanddevelopmentpartnership researchgrants researchinstitutes researchsupportastopic scienceandindustry scienceandstate smallbusiness statistics technologicalinnovations technologyandstate technologytransfer unitedstates universities universitiesandcolleges veterans'hospitals wilbur wright