1945- 1946- 1950- 1952- 1954- 21stcentury 320 authoritarianism chauvinismandjingoism citizenship civics commentary democracy dictators donald duterte erdoğan erdoğan essays headsofstate history india middleeast modī narendra nationalism nationalists opinion ottomanempire politicalpersecution politicalscience politicsandgovernment populism protestmovements putin rodrigoroa totalitarianism trump turkey vladimirvladimirovich