1225?-1274 19thcentury 282horn2017 american apologeticworks artistic attitudes catholicchurch catholics christianity christianityandliterature christianliterature christiansociology churchhistory civilization counter-reformation doctrinal doctrines doctrinescatholicchurch emigrationandimmigration english englishliterature ethnicrelations excommunication fundamentalism greatbritain history historyandcriticism immigrants influence(literary influencethomas interfaithrelations ireland irishamericancatholics irishamericans nationalcharacteristics peace protestantchurches protestantism protestants publicopinion publicworship reformation relations religion religiousaspects religiouslifeandcustoms seventh-dayadventists socialaspects socialconditions theology thomas unitedstates