16thcentury 1748-1832 18thcentury 19thcentury 2015d-799 20thcentury almshouses beggars bentham charities churchcharities civilrights contraventions(criminallaw) economicconditions economics england greatbritain history hv245 ireland jeremy jurisprudence landuse lawandlegislation legislation london miscellanea monasteries politicsandgovernment poor popularworks poverty publicpolicy publicwelfare roguesandvagabonds scotland secularization socialconditions socialpolicy socialservice socialwelfare socioeconomicfactors sources tramps unitedstates vagrancy welfarestate workingclass