1927-2003 20thcentury africanamericanchildren africanamericanfamilies africanamericans casestudies children childwelfare civilrights civilrightsmovements education educationalvouchers etc familycharacteristics history laws legalstatus moynihan poor poorblacks poverty publicopinion publicwelfare racerelations schoolchoice socialadvocacy socialconditions socialpolicy societies unitedstates