1732-1799 1735-1826 1743-1826 1751-1836 1758-1831 1856-1915 1868-1963 18thcentury 19thcentury 20thcentury adams africanamericancivilrightsworkers africanamericanintellectuals africanamericanleadership africanamericans autonomy biography bookert civilrights civilrightsmovements criticismandinterpretationwashington dubois george historicalgeography history intellectuallife james jefferson john landsettlement modernism(literature) politicalandsocialviews politicalandsocialviewsadams politicalandsocialviewsdubois politicalandsocialviewsjefferson politicalandsocialviewsmadison politicalandsocialviewsmonroe politicsandgovernment presidents racerelations regionalism socialconditions sources southernstates thomas unitedstates virginia washington