1853-1895 1861-1896 1864-1938 19thcentury anarchism anti-imperialistmovements continentaleuropean criticismandinterpretationmartí criticismandinterpretationrizal cuba history imperialisminliterature isabelodelos josé josé martí national nationalism nationalisminliterature philippines poetry politicalandsocialviews politicalandsocialviewsmartí politicalandsocialviewsreyesyflorentino rizal self-determination