17thcentury 509 530 577 biography cosmicphysics cosmology discoveriesinscience evolution freewillanddeterminism geophysics history kosmologie lawsofthermodynamics leib-seele-problem life mathematicalmodels mathematicalphysics meaning(philosophy) methodology multiverse naturalism naturwissenschaften nuclearmodels origin originoflife philosophy physicalconstants physics popularworks religionandscience religiousaspects science scientists standardmodel(nuclearphysics)