1932-2015 20thcentury 21stcentury africanamericans allegiance apportionment(electionlaw) casestudies chicago conservatism cuomo demography dividedgovernment election elections etc governmentpolicy governmentspendingpolicy governors groupidentity history ideology illinois laws legalstatus legislativebodies legislators mariom newyork(state) polarization(socialsciences) politicalactivity politicalaspects politicalculture politicalparticipation politicalparties politicalplanning politicalpsychology politicalscience politicsandgovernment populationgeography presidents primaries psychologicalaspects publicopinion racerelations racism regionaldisparities representativegovernmentandrepresentation rightandleft(politicalscience) rockymountainsregion southernstates states suburbs sweden texas trust two-partysystems unitedstates voting welfarestate women womenlegislators