1786-1847 1813-1893 1872-1928 1899-1964 arcticregions biography british cameron canada canada(nord) climaticchanges descriptionandtravel discoveryandexploration découverteetexploration environmentalpolicy environnement explorers franklin gjøa(navire) gjøa(ship) history inuit john national nord-ouest northern passagedu politiquegouvernementale rae roald sailing scotland socialconditions territoirenational territory travelamundsen traveldueck travellarsen voyagesamundsen voyageslarsen