1875-1969 1882-1949 1886-1941 1937 1937-1945 1946- 1946-1948 20thcentury 653-05/南京事件(1937) 880-05nankinjiken(1937) american atrocities authors biography businessmen chang china china) china:1937) chine chinese chineseamericanauthors chineseamericanwomen congresses diaries germany ginlingcollege(nanjing historians historiography history intellectuallife iris japan jiangsu jiangsusheng john journalists massacredenankin mentalhealthchang military minnie missionaries nanjing nanjing(jiangsusheng) nankin nankingmassacre(jiangsusheng officialsandemployeesginlingcollege(nanjing personalnarratives pictorialworks rabe shui-fang sino-japanesewar sources tokyo tokyotrial tsen unitedstates vautrin warcrimetrials womenauthors womenmissionaries xu zhigeng 徐志耕