1838-1914 agriculturalecology alps anthropogenereinfluss arcticregions bioengineering biography birkenwald bouleaupubescent california caves centralafricaeconomicgeography civilization climaticchanges colonization colorado cryosphere deforestation descriptionandtravel downybirch ecologie ecologiedesmontagnes ecology economicconditions effectofhumanbeingson environmentalaspects environmentalconditions ethiopia forestecology geographicalperception glaciers globalenvironmentalchange herbivoren histoirenaturelle history human-plantrelationships humanecology humangeography john journeysmuir juvenileliterature kenya kilimanjaro landscapeassessment landscapechanges mediterraneanregion mount mountaineering mountainlife mountainplants mountains mountainsinart naturalhistory naturalists nature niwotridge outdoorlife physicalgeography phytogeography plantconservation plantecology region religiousaspects rockymountains russia(federation) régionsarctiques scandinavia scandinavie shewa socialconditions sociallifeandcustoms soilconservation soilerosion tanzania travel unitedstates uralmountainsregion usambaramountains vegetationclassification waldökosystem wildernesssurvival écologiedesmontagnes écologievégétale