1250-1517 18thcentury africa al-markazal-ʻarabīli-d-dirāsāt antiquities arabs architecture attitudes ayyubids baṣrah cairo caravansaries charities circassians civilization commerce diplomaticrelations diplomatie economicaspects economicconditions egypt egypt) endowments ethnicrelations excavations(archaeology) foreignrelations genealogy harems historiography history households internationalepolitik iraq islam islamicarchitecture islamiccivilization islamicsepulchralmonuments karawanserei kingsandrulers mameluke merchants military mongols muslims north northerncemetery(cairo poverty quraysh(arabtribe) religiousaspects slavery slaveryandislam socialconditions sociallifeandcustoms sources syria tombs ulama waqf women