cityandtownlife civilization culturalassimilation culturalpluralism decolonization encyclopedias ethnicidentity ethnicity ethnicrelations hispanicamericanarts hispanicamericans hispanicamericansandmassmedia history innercities intellectuallife latinamericans pan-americanism politicsandgovernment popularculture population raciallymixedpeople socialchange socialconditions sociallifeandcustoms sociology spanishinfluences unitedstates urban