1804-1872 1818-1883 1856-1939 193 19thcentury 230 anthropologiephilosophique b christianisme christianity communism congresses controversialliterature dialecticalmaterialism freud germanreligiousphilosophy19thcentury histoireetcritique history historyandcriticism idealism karl ludwig ludwigandreas marx materialism ouvragesdecontroverse philosophie philosophy religion sigmund socialism