1929- 1949- 2008-2009 339 africa ajustementstructurel(économie) albert american ando arabcountries argentina asia auditing balanceofpayments bankinglaw banks banksandbanking brazil budgetdeficits businessandpolitics businesscycles businessenterprises capitalmarket capitalmarkets caribbean casestudies central china commerce commercialloans commercialrealestate commodityexchanges competition conditionséconomiques congresses consumption(economics) copperindustryandtrade corporatedebt corporations credit creditunions currencycrises debts defenses deflation(finance) democratization dependencyonforeigncountries devaluationofcurrency developingcountries developmentandstructure:general développementéconomique eastern econometricmodels economicaspects economicassistance economicconditions economicconditionsinlatinamerica economicdevelopment economicdevelopmentprojects economicforecasting economichistory economicpoliciesinasia economicpoliciesinlatinamerica economicpoliciesintheunitedstates economicpolicy economics economischehervormingen eisen-undstahlindustrie election english-speaking entreprisespubliques euro europe europeancooperation europeanunion eurozone external federalaid finance financelaw financialcrises financialinstitutions financialriskmanagement financialservicesindustry financielepositie finanzkrise fiscalpolicies fiscalpolicy foreclosure foreign foreigneconomicrelations foreignexchange foreignrelations formersovietrepublics freeenterprise fullemploymentpolicies gabon general germany(west) gestion ghana globalfinancialcrisis government-sponsoredenterprises governmentalfinances governmentbusinessenterprises governmentownership governmentpolicy grants-in-aid hc445 hg229 history incomedistribution industrialmanagement industrialpolicies industrialpolicy industrialproductivity industrialrelations industrie inflation(finance) international internationalcooperation internationaleeconomie internationalexchange internationalfinance internationalmonetaryfund investmentbanking investmentofpublicfunds investments islam jobcreation kapitaalmarkt korea(south) kreditwesen laborpolicies latinamerica lawandlegislation lebanon liberalism loans macroeconomics macroéconomie management mathematicalmodels mathematicaloptimization mexico microeconomics middleeast miscellaneous monetarypolicy money nationalism politicalaspects politicalstability politicsandgovernment politiqueéconomique post-communism postwarreconstruction poverty presidents prevention priceregulation privatization programanacionaldesolidaridad(mexico) public publicdebts recessions reform religiousaspects riskmanagement savingandinvestment savings securities socialaspects socialconditions socialconflict socialpolicy socialstability southernconeofsouthamerica sovietunion speculation staatsunternehmen stabilisationéconomique statesupervision statistics stockexchanges structuraladjustment structuraladjustment(economicpolicy) subsidies taxation thailandeconomicconditions thecaribbean trade uncertainty unemploymentinsurance unitedstates war wealth wirtschaftspolitik wirtschaftsreform workingclass