1998c-056 2007a-418 2007g-417 2007i-817 2008n-740 2009a-234 adult arrhythmia arrhythmias artificial artificialcardiacpacing artificialpacemaker bioelectricenergysources biography cardiac cardiacpacemakers cardiacpacing cardiologists cardiovascularinstruments congenital congenitalheartdisease congestiveheartfailure diseases electriccountershock electricproperties electrocardiography electrophysiology electrotherapeutics general heart heartdefects heartfailure history implantable implantablecardioverter-defibrillators implantabledefibrillators implanted ireland japan medical methods northernireland pacemaker pantridge prisonersofwar programmedinstruction rd598c3422009 surgery therapy treatment wg168 wg168c26172009 wg168c26231996 wg168c26652008 wg220m741p2007 wg330j82i2007 wg370c26732008 wg370k36n2007