africa african africanamericans africandiaspora antilles arabic blacks caribbeanarea caribbeanliterature children civilization creole culturalassimilation dialects dictionaries english englishlanguage etymology french frenchlanguage grammar groupidentity guadeloupe guinea-bissau haiti haitian(frenchcreole) hawaii historicallinguistics history historyandcriticism islandsoftheindianocean jamaica language languageacquisition languageandculture languageandlanguages languages languagesincontact legends lesser linguisticchange linguisticminorities malagasylanguage mauritius mixed nubilanguage oceania origin picturedictionaries pidginlanguages population prosodicanalysis proverbs raceidentity readers saintlucia socialaspects socialecology sociolinguistics standardization substratum(linguistics) tales termsandphrases textbooksforforeignspeakers texts uganda verb west westindies writing writtencommunication