500-1500 823-877 9thcentury art artandliterature artistic arts astronomy astronomyinart bibliotecanacional(spain) carolingians charles christianartandsymbolism christianpoetry coinage coins congresses conservationandrestoration creation(literary economichistory europe exhibitions france handschriften history historyandcriticism iconography illuminationofbooksandmanuscripts illustrationofbooks illustrations intellectuallife laity latin(medievalandmodern) learningandscholarship manuscripts medieval metz money muralpaintinganddecoration psalms psalters scriptoria socialaspects to1500 tours translationsintoenglish utrechtspsalterium vikings