000093308 1858-1942 1887-1948 1901-1960 1901-1978 20thcentury 301 anthropologists anthropology artistic benedict biography civilization culturalpluralism emigrationandimmigration ethnicidentity ethnology frankfurtschoolofsociology franz germany governmentpolicy history hurston indianintellectuals indians indigenouspeoples influence(literary influenceboas intellectuallife jewishinfluences jewishradicals jews judaismandpsychoanalysis margaret mead modern racism racisminanthropology research ruth socialconditions unitedstates womenanthropologists worldview zoraneale