1994g-098 2012g-978 572 alloys artificial biocompatiblematerials biofouling biologicalinterfaces biomedicalmaterials biophysics biosensingtechniques blood bodyfluids carbon carboncontent celladhesion chemistry congresses control drugdeliverysystems effectofimplantson equipmentfailure equipmentsafety implants instrumentation lifesciences materialstesting medicalinstrumentsandapparatus medicaltechnology metals nanoparticles nanotubes prevention prosthesesandimplants qt34b55751981 qt34b61141994 sci009000 science shapememoryalloys surfaceproperties surgicalinstruments testing therapeuticuse toxicity toxicitytesting toxicitytests toxicology