1908-1993 1908-2007 1922-2019 1948- 20thcentury 921thomas administrationof africanamericanlawyers africanamericanpolice africanamericanpoliticians africanamericans africanamericanstudies b bedford biography bolin civilrights civilrightsmovements clarence criminaljustice criminology dallas discriminationincriminaljusticeadministration ethnicstudies history judges keith lawenforcement lawyers lifeanddeath louisa marshall newyork newyork(state) politicalfreedom politicalscience powerover practiceoflaw racerelations security soc001000soc004000pol014000 socialjustice socialscience texas thomas thurgood unitedstates womenjudges