000125254 1916-1996 1939-1945 944 antisemitism biography clermont-ferrand congresses congressesmendès-france courts-martialandcourtsofinquiry economicconditions economicpolicy europe familymendèsfrance france françois history jewishresistance jews localgovernment marie-claire mendès-france mendèsfrance mitterrand persecution persecutions pierre politicalandsocialviews politicalhistorylocaldemocracy20thcenturyeure politicsandgovernment primeministers statesmen statesmen'sspouses trials(militaryoffenses) viewsoneconomicpolicymendès-france worldwar