1814-1869 1868-1914 19thcentury aesthetics africanamericansinliterature american arithmetic biography blues(music)inliterature charleswaddell chesnutt correspondence couturat criticismandinterpretation criticismandinterpretationchesnutt criticismandinterpretationharris criticismandinterpretationhurston criticismandinterpretationnordan falkner foundations geometry georgewashington giuseppe inliterature italy johnmeade lewis logic louis lovingood mathematicians mathematics melancholyinliterature musicandliterature nationalcharacteristics novelists peano philosophy racerelationsinliterature realisminliterature sadnessinliterature science southernstates sut(fictitiouscharacter) symbolicandmathematical zoraneale