1850-1923 1854-1934 1883-1962 1888-1935 19thcentury 200 20thcentury 274 844 algeria assassinationfoucauld biography charlesde china christianity christianityandotherreligions christianmissionsahara19th-20thcenturies christianspirituality20thcenturybiography clergycatholicchurch colonies deserts desertsinliterature ernest foucauld france french hermits history historylittlebrothersofjesus islam lawrence louis louishubertgonzalve lyautey massignon presidents psichari relations religiousaspects sahara shikai soldiers yuan 袁世凱