1830-1901 1852-1934 1854-1930 1858-1917 1858-1918 1863-1918 1864-1920 1865-1936 1872-1944 1873-1959 1879-1973 1882-1966 1895-1896 19thcentury 20thcentury 301 alvinlangdon antonin artistic bernardheinrichwilhelm berssenbrugge coburn davison demachy dubreuil durkheim edward eugene europe exhibitions ferdinand foreignrelations france frank georg george gertrude hammond heinrich henneberg history hugo impressionism(art) influence jameson'sraid johnhays käsebier kühn max personnaz photography pictorialism(photographymovement) pierre politicsandgovernment robert robinson simmel sociology steichen tönnies weber émile