1469-1527 1553or1554-1600 1583-1645 1724-1804 1805-1879 1820-1871 1881-1944 19thcentury abolitionists anglicancommunion antislaverymovements artandsociety artmazzini biography democracy european exhibitions frederickdenison garrison giuseppe grotius henrylongueville history hooker hugo immanuel influencemazzini internationalrelations italian italy kant knowledge macchiaioli machiavelli mansel maurice mazzini nationalism nationalismandart niccolò painting philosophy politicsandgovernment revolutionaries richard romanticisminart statesmen temple unitedstates william williamlloyd